Compensation of Tipping-Bucket Flow Meters

On the Quality of Tipping-bucket

The WMO Laboratory Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity (RI) Gauges described in a companion paper was the very first attempt at understanding the performances of various types of rainfall intensity gauges in controlled laboratory conditions, and provided quantitative information regarding various errors associated with RI measurements. The conclusions report that all instruments analyzed were...

On-line detection of errors in tipping-bucket raingauges

Tipping-bucket raingauges can produce misleading reports as a consequence of a number of factors. Very fast tips may result from gauge disturbance, faulty bucket positioning or abrupt snow melt. Very slow tips may result from partial blockage. An absence of tips is an indication of a major problem. This paper suggests easily programmable diagnostic checks that may be used to identify any of the...

Evaluation of Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Performance and Data Quality

Ultrasonic Sensing for Water Flow Meters and Heat Meters

Ultrasonic flow meters are gaining wide usage in commercial, industrial and medical applications. Major benefits of utilizing this type of flowmeter are higher accuracy, low maintenance (no moving parts), noninvasive flow measurement, and the ability to regularly diagnose health of the meter. This application note is intended as an introduction to ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) flow sensing us...

Calibration of some Wright peak flow meters.

The performance of Wright peak flow meters is described using an absolute and precise calibration method. This showed errors as great as 25% with the peak flow meter and 40% with the mini peak flow meter. At large flow rates errors were less. The expected variation between individual peak flow meters was about 12%. The expected variation between individual mini peak flow meters was between 16% ...